The goal of its creation is to answer unresolved physics-related questions, especially ones relating to Higgs boson, subatomic particles, and dark matter. For example, in 2008, after 10 years of development, the world’s largest and most powerful particle accelerator, the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), was put in operation. Superconductors, first discovered in 1911 by Dutch physicist Heike Kamerlingh Onnes, have played a key role in the development and enhancement of several modern, high-tech devices. (You, fellow COMSOL Blog reader, can also access the apps via the link toward the end of the post!)Īn Age-Old Breakthrough Advances Modern-Day Technology By building simulation applications and making them available in a web browser, Grilli helps present this complex topic in a captivating way to encourage students to stay focused and interested in learning more about superconductivity. Scientific American.Why are superconductors and their applications such a challenging subject to teach? Francesco Grilli, a researcher and professor from the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), has an idea as to why - and a solution to the problem. ![]() “ Strange but True: Superfluid Helium Can Climb Walls“. “Vortex Formation in a Stirred Bose–Einstein Condensate”. An introduction to the theory of superfluidity. Superconductivity, superfluids, and condensates. Indirectly, researching superfluidity aids in understanding how superconductivity works. Both helium-3 and helium-4 find use in exotic particle detectors. However, superfluid helium-4 is a coolant for high-field magnets. Superfluidity UsesĪt present, there aren’t many practical applications of superfluids. Lene’s Hau’s 1999 experiment with superfluid sodium slowed light and eventually stopped it. More recently, researchers have observed superfluidity in ultracold atomic gases, include those of lithium-6, rubidium-87, and sodium atoms. The 1996 Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded to the discoverers of helium-3 superfluidity: David Lee, Douglas Osheroff, and Robert Richardson. This is similar to the electron pairing process that results in superconductivity. Helium-3 only forms a boson when it pairs with itself, which only occurs at temperature near absolute zero. It displays superfluidity at much higher temperatures than helium-3, which is a fermion. A helium-4 atom has integer spin and is a boson particle. Kapitsa and, independently, Allen and Misener observed superfluidity in the isotope helium-4 in 1937.
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